Χ² values greater than those shown at p = 0.05 fail to reject the null hypothesis, while Χ² values less than those at p = 0.05 justify rejecting the null hypothesis. In our example, Χ² = 0.53 for 1 df is converted to a p value between 0.20 and 0.50. The graph in (a) provides an estimated p value of 0.48 by interpolation. In this case, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.