Summer Weeds 2: Page 1, Page 3, (Aliens in red)
Fabaceae
Lotus corniculatus Birdfoot Trefoil: Differs from all members of the pea family by its 5 leaflets and head-like umbels of flowers, 5 sweet pea-shaped, bright yellow petals.
Fabaceae
Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover: Pinnately trifoliolate serrated leaflets. Introduced along with M. alba as green manure crop, hay, forage for bees; genus name means "Honey Lotus". Musky scent when crushed; at one time used as insect repellant on textiles.
Caryophyllaceae (Pink)
Lychnis alba White Campion (Evening Campion): Dioecious, fragrant flowers open at dusk and close in the morning. 5 white-to-pinkish petals deeply notched; 5 protruding styles; inflated calyx has prominent veins.
Asteraceae
Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed: A pioneer after soil disturbance or fire. Alternate, lanceolate leaves that have toothed margins. Fruit a nutlet that contains many white pappus that disperse the seed.
Asteraceae
Sonchus asper Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle: stiff, shiny leaves clasp the stem. Annual, hollow stem, no disk flowers.
Asteraceae
Solidago gigantea Giant (Late) Goldenrod: Actually one of the earlier goldenrods to bloom. Stem smooth, often glaucous, and reddish (green in shade). Inflorescence usually a one-sided, arching panicle. May hybridize with Tall Goldenrod (S. altissima). Moist soil.
Urticaceae (Nettle)
Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle: Tiny greenish flowers are in slender, branched, interrupted spikes from the upper leaf axils. Stinging hair on stem; stipules; rugose leaves.
Polygonaceae
Polygonum persicaria Lady's Thumb: Moist soil. Leaves typically have a dark green "V"-shaped splotch.
Polygonaceae
Polygonum pennsylvanicum Pennsylvania smartweed (Pinkweed): Clusters of tiny pink flowers form atop this tall plant. Glands on petiole. No thumbprint.