| Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) |
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Sambucus canadensis
Elderberry:
Opposite, compound leaves, huge cymes of white flowers.
5 petals and 5-lobed stigma, 5 protruding stamens.
Blackish-purple fruit for "Elderberry jelly", but stems contain calcium oxalate crystals.
Spreads by suckering.
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| Apiaceae |
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Sium suave
Tall Water Parsnip:
Stems stout, glabrous, hollow, ribbed and angled, slightly zig-zag in form.
Highly variable,
look for bracts and bracteoles subtending the rays and raylets of the inflorescence
and the serrulate to serrate margins of the leaflets.
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| Rosaceae |
|---|
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Prunus virginiana
Choke Cherry:
Frequently crooked trunk and a narrow, open head.
Finely toothed leaves shiny above, pale beneath.
Red fruit in clusters turn black and bitter when ripe, tasty in jellies and wines.
Leaves contain toxic hydrocyanic acid.
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| Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) |
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Mimulus ringens
Monkey Flower:
Square stems.
Opposite, sessile, serrate, sometimes clasping leaves.
Purple corolla with yellowish center,
flowers in pairs in the leaf axils on slender pedicels.
Creeping rhizomes.
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| Alismataceae (Arrowhead) |
|---|
| |
Alisma subcordatum
Water-plantain:
Tiny white petals shaped like little arrows on multi-branched stems.
Elliptic to ovate leaves.
Several flattened achenes in a small ring.
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| Poaceae (Grass) |
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Leersia oryzoides
Rice cutgrass:
Rough, saw-toothed leaf edges and its spikelets 1/6-1/4 inch long,
in panicle open with spreading to ascending branches or often partially to completely included by the uppermost leaf sheath.
Ligule truncate, rather firm, 1 mm long.
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| Cyperaceae (Sedge) |
|---|
| |
Carex vulpinoidea
Fox Sedge:
Clump-forming, common pioneer.
Leaves longer than stem; lowest leaves on the stem reduced to scales (aphyllopodic).
Stems slender with whitish, thin sheaths that are conspicuously cross-wrinkled.
Male flowers at the tips of the female spikelets.
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| Cyperaceae |
|---|
| |
Carex lacustris
Common Lake Sedge:
Leaves are coarse, M-shaped, bluish-green.
2-4 separate male spikes and 2-4 separate, short-stalked female spikes.
Many-nerved, beaked perigynia up to 1/3 inch long.
Nutlet is three-angled.
Forms sterile colonies, flop over.
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